Post by Bizz on Oct 28, 2017 23:15:56 GMT -5
Usage of Yr, Yn, and Ym.
It really boils down to three uses. To get the noun definition from a base word, to distinguish whether a noun is within a preposition or being described by a preposition adjectivally and to work as a complementizer. The differences is that Yr marks the agent of the sentence, Yn marks the patient of the sentence and Ym marks the noun as being in a preposition or if there's no preposition present, then it just means that some implied preposition is there affecting the noun.
One more thing to note is that when yr, yn, or ym is suffixed, the y vowel disappears if the word ends in a vowel. Notably, all native words end in a vowel as to keep the syllable count lowered. If a word doesn't end in a vowel, then the y stays.
So what's an agent and patient?:
Agent:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agent_(grammar)
Patient:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patient_(grammar)
Simplified, agent is the guy who's mainly doing the action of the sentence (Ex. I see him. I is the agent as it does the action of seeing) and
the patient is the guy who received or is effected by the action in some way. (Ex. I see him. Him is the patient as it receives the action of seeing.) Don't rely purely off of English logic though as there are some cases where you can not directly translate pronouns as easily as you think. Other topics will point out those situations so don't worry about it now.
USAGE 1:
Each base word and derive acts as a cluster of parts of speech waiting for their potential to be unleashed. In order to get and use the noun definition of a base word/derive, you must use yr, yn, or ym. For example:
Bicho = ???
Bicho+yr = Bichor = Organization
USAGE 2:
Just like English, nouns that are within prepositions go after the preposition they are in.
English:
In the water.
Ebileno:
Nil vam.
Literal
In water.
Unlike in English, prepositional phrases that are used as adjectives go before the noun they describe:
EN:
A fish in the water.
EB:
Nil vam pscir.
Lit:
In water fish.
Different markings can effect the meaning entirely:
Nil vam
Nil var
"Nil vam" means "in the water" as you would expect. "Nil var" means " the water in (something that isn't said)"
This happens because -ym is used to mark if something is in the preposition. As a result, using -yr or -yn means that the noun isn't in the preposition but the preposition can still describe it regardless.
USAGE 3:
Yr, yn, and ym can function as complementizers. What is that?
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complementizer
Simplified, it's basically a word or function that allows you to turn a sentence into a noun. This is typically hard to see in English because the main word used for it is the word that which is also used to form relative clauses. Unless you understand these concepts as distinct entities, there's a high chance I'll be correcting you on your usage. What's worse is that Ebileno uses these way more often than English does.
First off, creating a nominalized clause has some important rules you must follow.
-The word order must be SOV
-You must start only with yr, yn, or ym and end only with a verb.
-The nominalized clause is designed to capture clauses of infinite length which means that having a strong established start and end point is important or else it may spill into other unrelated clauses.
Here's a very simple formation:
EB:
Yr viv
EN:
Seeing, act of seeing
First off, when you're doing this, you are always making a verb in a noun which can typically always be translated as "act of (whatever the verb is)" I point this out because if you see something like
Yr pajev
You shouldn't assume this means "beginning" meaning "the start of something" instead this would mean "beginning" as in "the act of starting in general" Here's two English sentences that show off the difference.
In the beginning, there was nothing (first beginning)
I see you beginning to pack up. What's going on? (second beginning)
Second, it really matters if you use yr, yn, or ym because you are essentially making nouns. Since nouns in Ebileno are forced to have cases, you still need to use the appropriate case.
Mir yn pscikuv pludwisav.
I like swimming.
And third, you need to distinguish this verb nominalization function from participles, gerunds, normal nouns (like I just said above) and relative clauses.
For now I'll attempt to distinguish verb nominalization from relative clauses as you'll just have to learn this stuff by seeing them juxtaposed when I point them out. At least I think that's probably the best way to understand the difference.
Cows eating grass.
(lol I got lazy and stopped writing, I'll finish this later.)
Extra Notes:
-Fun fact, the design for the the complementizer was inspired by the way how the Japanese language uses complementizers. There's actually quite a bit of Japanese influence in Ebileno's grammar in general.
It really boils down to three uses. To get the noun definition from a base word, to distinguish whether a noun is within a preposition or being described by a preposition adjectivally and to work as a complementizer. The differences is that Yr marks the agent of the sentence, Yn marks the patient of the sentence and Ym marks the noun as being in a preposition or if there's no preposition present, then it just means that some implied preposition is there affecting the noun.
One more thing to note is that when yr, yn, or ym is suffixed, the y vowel disappears if the word ends in a vowel. Notably, all native words end in a vowel as to keep the syllable count lowered. If a word doesn't end in a vowel, then the y stays.
So what's an agent and patient?:
Agent:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agent_(grammar)
Patient:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patient_(grammar)
Simplified, agent is the guy who's mainly doing the action of the sentence (Ex. I see him. I is the agent as it does the action of seeing) and
the patient is the guy who received or is effected by the action in some way. (Ex. I see him. Him is the patient as it receives the action of seeing.) Don't rely purely off of English logic though as there are some cases where you can not directly translate pronouns as easily as you think. Other topics will point out those situations so don't worry about it now.
USAGE 1:
Each base word and derive acts as a cluster of parts of speech waiting for their potential to be unleashed. In order to get and use the noun definition of a base word/derive, you must use yr, yn, or ym. For example:
Bicho = ???
Bicho+yr = Bichor = Organization
USAGE 2:
Just like English, nouns that are within prepositions go after the preposition they are in.
English:
In the water.
Ebileno:
Nil vam.
Literal
In water.
Unlike in English, prepositional phrases that are used as adjectives go before the noun they describe:
EN:
A fish in the water.
EB:
Nil vam pscir.
Lit:
In water fish.
Different markings can effect the meaning entirely:
Nil vam
Nil var
"Nil vam" means "in the water" as you would expect. "Nil var" means " the water in (something that isn't said)"
This happens because -ym is used to mark if something is in the preposition. As a result, using -yr or -yn means that the noun isn't in the preposition but the preposition can still describe it regardless.
USAGE 3:
Yr, yn, and ym can function as complementizers. What is that?
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complementizer
Simplified, it's basically a word or function that allows you to turn a sentence into a noun. This is typically hard to see in English because the main word used for it is the word that which is also used to form relative clauses. Unless you understand these concepts as distinct entities, there's a high chance I'll be correcting you on your usage. What's worse is that Ebileno uses these way more often than English does.
First off, creating a nominalized clause has some important rules you must follow.
-The word order must be SOV
-You must start only with yr, yn, or ym and end only with a verb.
-The nominalized clause is designed to capture clauses of infinite length which means that having a strong established start and end point is important or else it may spill into other unrelated clauses.
Here's a very simple formation:
EB:
Yr viv
EN:
Seeing, act of seeing
First off, when you're doing this, you are always making a verb in a noun which can typically always be translated as "act of (whatever the verb is)" I point this out because if you see something like
Yr pajev
You shouldn't assume this means "beginning" meaning "the start of something" instead this would mean "beginning" as in "the act of starting in general" Here's two English sentences that show off the difference.
In the beginning, there was nothing (first beginning)
I see you beginning to pack up. What's going on? (second beginning)
Second, it really matters if you use yr, yn, or ym because you are essentially making nouns. Since nouns in Ebileno are forced to have cases, you still need to use the appropriate case.
Mir yn pscikuv pludwisav.
I like swimming.
And third, you need to distinguish this verb nominalization function from participles, gerunds, normal nouns (like I just said above) and relative clauses.
For now I'll attempt to distinguish verb nominalization from relative clauses as you'll just have to learn this stuff by seeing them juxtaposed when I point them out. At least I think that's probably the best way to understand the difference.
Cows eating grass.
(lol I got lazy and stopped writing, I'll finish this later.)
Extra Notes:
-Fun fact, the design for the the complementizer was inspired by the way how the Japanese language uses complementizers. There's actually quite a bit of Japanese influence in Ebileno's grammar in general.