(Foreword)
* As you will probably very quickly realize, this entire document is comically excessive. However, what has been done, has been done. This ridiculously cerebral work came to be because I had made the mistake of prioritizing theoretical descriptions as knowledge over relying more so on practice. While I'd argue my method of orthogonalization works best to comprehending philosophy and purely semantic concepts, this system seems to clash with praxic-semantic or graphical-semantic knowledge. Nowadays, I focus more on active recall with practice and flow states, avoid memorizing specific wording unless necessary, and I instead only use this system as a form of scaffolding to help organize ideas and determine the associational map in my mind. Regardless, I do think there is a beauty to be found in this. No one that I know of has attempted to create a typology of resume design and if one is curious, they may attempt to apply this system if they so wish. At least I found it fun doing so, ahaha.
(Meta)
All Resume Sections:
* It's recommended to see or research the general formatting of a type of resume for the field or job you're going to be applying for.
* Depending on your level of experience (entry level vs. mid-career, senior, professional) and job position/industry, you will usually always use one page for your resume.
* Usually, you should avoid graphics of any kind, tables, columns, footers, and even custom-built or non-standard headers because the ATS software may get confused by them and make the info show up blank.
* Avoid any typo.
* Generally avoid using colored text. Stick to Black text on white background.
Name and Heading Formatting:
* Generally you want to make the Name and Headings visually distinct from the Main Text.
* You can choose to use Sizing-up, Bold, Italics, Underlining, Different Fonts from Main Text, and any combination of these. Just make it looks good and is clear and easy to read.
Margins:
* Unless the job description or some other scenario asks for a specific margin, 1 inch is considered the default standard and 1-0.5 inches are considered normal and acceptable.
* You may also use this leniency tactfully. You can fill a lot more words, avoid adding new lines for bullet points, and fill up empty space with 0.5". However be careful about overloading and making your resume a bit too busy-looking when doing this.
Content Phrase:
* A Content Phrase is a specific phrase that is used to clearly signal that some type of content from some type of section is going to now be stated within the section that one is currently reading.
* When a Content Phrase is written, it will use a variant of words which convey its base idea typically with a colon right afterwards, which will indicate what type of content will be stated.
* Some examples of content phrases would be the Skills Phrase, Certifications Phrase, Project Phrase
Date Range:
* A standard way to format any given date range is to first write the starting the month and year, an en-dash right after, and an ending month and year right after that en-dash.
* Whenever you decide to give any type of Date Range a particular format, this format should be consistent throughout the entire resume.
Formatting of Months in Date Range:
* Usually, for the months of any given date range, one will write months as abbreviated. However, less often, the months can also be written as unabbreviated or as a number that is conjoined with the year number using a slash.
ex.
Jan 2001-Jan 2002
January 2001-January 2002
1/1/2011-1/2011
Element:
* In the context of my system for describing Resume Formatting, An element refers to a specific and discretized type of information which makes up the contents of a Resume Section.
Element Grouping:
* In the context of my system for describing Resume Formatting, An element grouping refers to a collection of elements which function as one unit.
* Element groupings are intended have multiple iterative instances which thematically correspond with the section they are written within.
Experience:
* An abstract term I made up to refer to a discretized experience from a particular domain that is composed of multiple section elements.
* Some examples of "experiences" would be Work Experience, Employment Gap Experience, Education Experience, Project Experience
* Usually as a default, all experiences should be listed in backwards chronological order. In other words, the most recent at the top, and the least recent at the bottom.
Experience Statement:
* An experience statement is a term I mad up which is a bulleted or non-bulleted sentence that is used to describe some aspects regarding the experience of a particular domain.
* Some examples of experience statements would be Work Experience Statements, Skill Statements, Project Statements.
General Sizes for Fonts:
* Generally one may
use 18 to 24pt for the name element,
use 12 to 16pt for headings,
and use 10 to 12pt for the body text
Incorporation Type:
* A term I made up which refers to the way how the contents of a section may be incorporated within a resume.
Section Type:
* The incorporation type where the contents of a section are placed within their own designated section with a header that stands out.
Subsection Type:
* The incorporation type where the contents of a section is incorporated into another section in the form of a subsection. There will be a lack of a proper header.
Sectionless Type:
* The incorporation type where the contents of a section exist as being words that are used in the experience statements or the sentences of other sections. There is no header or content phrase.
(Contact Info Section)
Contact Information Section:
* The Contact Information section is a section on a resume that includes the essential information that would allow an employer to contact you.
* The information written in the Contact Information section is also used by an employer to provide updates about the job application you sent, to get in touch to schedule interviews, and other contact related functions.
* Adding the Contact Info section to a resume is usually mandatory.
Main Elements of the Contact Info Section:
* The Main Elements of the Contact Info Section would be
the Name,
the Contact Info Address
the Email,
and the Phone Number
Auxiliary Elements of the Contact Info Section:
* The Additional Elements of the Contact Info Section would be
the Professional Job Title,
the Social Media Links,
the Website Link,
the Date of Birth (rare)
Name:
* Refers to a first and last name that usually aligns with one's legal name.
* You usually format the name by making it the very first element in your resume by using a font size bigger than the header font size, and by using a distinguishing characteristic such as bold, a change in font, etc.
Contact Info Address:
* The Contact Info Address refers to some portion of the city, state, zipcode, and the street address written on the resume.
* Unless required or are willing to, it is recommended that you should not write the full address, and only write the city and state of the address.
* When you write in the Contact Info Address, it should be an address that would allow a recruiter to mail things to you. If you have another means of receiving mail that isn't also your street address then you will have to indicate this as being the actual "mailing address" on the resume.
* Typically the US State is abbreviated when it is written.
* If the full address is written, then it is common to split the street address from the city, state, and zipcode and place them into two different vertical rows.
* All address information should be placed in rows under the Name and Professional Title elements within the Contact Information section.
Location:
* A variant used in place of address in some circumstances.
Email Address:
* When you write the Email Address, it should be the email address that the recruiter will contact you with and should have an appropriate and professional looking name.
* When you write the Email Address, it should be in a row somewhere under the Name and Professional Title elements.
Phone Number:
* When you write the Phone Number, it should be the phone number that the recruiter will contact you with.
* When you write the Phone Number, it should be in a row somewhere under the Name and Professional Title elements.
Professional Title:
Media Links:
Date of Birth:
* Unless a date of birth is requested and makes sense given the job position, then it is never required.
(Work Experience Section)
Work Experience Section:
* This Section is used to detail information about your work history and usually your professional history.
* It may also be called the Job Section or Job Description outside of a resume.
* Each Work Experience should be listed from the most recent to the oldest starting from the top and ending at the bottom.
* If you are currently working at a job in one of your work experiences, then you may use the simple present tense, otherwise, you should always use the simple past tense.
* If you're using the simple past tense, then you would write "accomplished" and not "have accomplished" or "was accomplishing".
Contents of the Work Experience Section:
* The Work Experience Section may include things such as
the experience one had with a job,
the title that was held during a job,
the responsibilities performed during a job,
the skills learned during a job,
the accomplishments achieved during a job,
employment dates,
internships,
volunteer work,
promotions,
and similar things of this nature.
Essential Elements of the Work Experience Section:
* The Essential Elements which compose each Work Experience
within the Work Experience Section would be
the Work Experience Header
the Workplace Name,
the Workplace Location,
the Job Title,
the Dates of Employment,
and the Work Experience Statements
Additional Elements of the Work Experience Section:
Work Experience Header:
* May be written as "Experience", "Work Experience", "Relevant Experience", "Other Experience", "Professional Experience"
Workplace Name:
* The Workplace Name refers to the name of the place that you worked at.
* Usually, the Workplace Name will be placed behind the Workplace Location on the same row.
* Usually, both the workplace name and location can be placed above or below the Job Title within a single row.
Workplace Location:
* The Workplace Location refers to the city and state of the place you worked at.
* When the Workplace Location is written, You will first write the name of the city with a comma right after it, then you will write the state in an abbreviated format with a space right after the comma.
* Usually, the Workplace Location will be placed after the Workplace Name on the same row.
Job Title:
* Refers to the Job Title that you held at the job.
* The Job Title can be placed above or below the Workplace Name and Workplace Location within its own row.
Employment Dates:
* The Dates of Employment usually refer to the dates when one was employed at a particular job. However, they can also be used to refer to the dates of an employment gap.
* May also be referred to as Dates of Tenure
* When the dates of employment are written, First, you will write the starting month and year and write an en-dash. Then, you will write the ending month and year right after that en-dash.
* Usually months will be abbreviated but more rarely, the months can be written as unabbreviated or as a number that is conjoined with the year number using a slash.
* If you are still performing a job position at the time of writing the resume, then you may choose to replace the ending month and year with a word like "present" or "current".
* While there isn't a particular place where the Dates of Employment should be placed, there is a tendency to place them after some or all of the elements right before the Work Ex. Statements either in its own row vertically or on the same row as the other Work Experience elements.
Work Experience Statements:
* A Work Experience Statement is usually a short sentence that is meant to describe the job duties and the valuable accomplishments that was performed during the time of employment.
* Unless it's a government job or some other specific industry, you'll usually always use bullet points to list each Work Experience statement.
* Usually, all work experience statements are collectively placed as the last element within any described Work Experience or a grouping of Work Experience elements.
* If you decide to use simple present tense in your work experience statements, then you should only use it for the responsibilities and not the accomplishments within work experiences that are ongoing, Otherwise, it is perfectly fine to write everything in simple past tense.
* When detailing your work experience statements for a work experience, it is highly recommended to have only 3-5 bullet point statements for each work experience.
* If your work experience is super limited, then you may consider adding up to 7 statements. However, one should generally avoid this.
Content of the Work Experience Statements:
* Ideally, each of your experience statements
should usually express what responsibilities you performed,
always what specifically happened as a result
from performing those responsibilities,
and enumerate those responsibilities and results
whenever it would be valuable to do so.
Work Experience:
* In the context of my system for describing a resume, a Work Experience may refer to a formalized way to express the actions and achievements performed during employment via the composition of separate Work Experience Section Elements.
(Employment Gap Writing)
Employment Gap (Resume):
* If it turns out you have an employment gap that is 3 months or more, you will need to explain it on the resume in some way.
* When you are explaining your employment gap in the form of experience statements, you should generally describe the reason why the gap happened, the reason why the gap won't happen again, how the non-job experience may be valuable the business, and by only using around 1-5 Gap Statements.
Main Elements of an Employment Gap:
* The most essential elements
that make up each Employment Gap Experience would be
The Gap Statements,
The Gap Dates,
The Gap Reason,
The Assurance Reason
Additional Elements of an Employment Gap:
* The additional elements
that may contribute to each element grouping of the Employment Gap Experience would be
The Gap Location Name,
The Gap Location,
and the Role Name
Minimal Employment Gap:
* A Minimal Employment Gap can be understood as any type of employment gap that is between 1-3 months.
* While it is recommended that a Minimal Employment Gap should be explained in some very brief way, it generally would not be an issue if you did not explain it in the resume.
Short Employment Gap:
* A Short Employment Gap can be understood as any type of employment gap that is between 3-6 months.
* Short employment gaps should always be explained. If the employment gap is on the shorter side then you can write a more minimal explanation for it.
Long Employment Gap:
* A Long Employment Gap can be understood as any type of employment gap that is longer than 6 months.
* Long employment gaps must always be explained. And when they are explained they should have around 2-3 sentences explaining it on the resume.
Direct Approach:
* When you write your Employment Gap Experience, you can drop the "Workplace Name" and optionally swap in the "Gap Location", state your non-job role as the "Job Title" if applicable, re-use the dates to express the period of time you were unemployed, and finally use the experience statements, with or without bullet points, to explain the circumstances, reasons, and the things that you did during that period of time.
Omission Approach:
Gap Statement:
* A Gap Statement refers to a type of sentence which is used to express aspects about one's employment gap.
* Usually, each Gap Statement will have a bullet point, but you may choose to write each statement without a bullet point, or more rarely mix the usage of bullets and non-bullets together.
* Usually, all Gap Statements are collectively placed as the last element within any described Gap Experience or a grouping of Gap Experience elements.
* There should generally be around 1-5 gap statements.
ex.
Full-time parent, Atlanta, GA, 2008 - 2011
{Took time away from professional career to raise young children and manage the household}
Gap Dates:
* The Gap Dates refer to the specific months and years or just the years that you were unemployed.
* Since you generally should be honest about your employment gap, on default, you should write the starting the month and year, an en-dash, and an ending month and year after that en-dash. However, depending on the Employment Gap Approach, the months may be omitted.
* When you write the months alongside the years, they can be written as abbreviated, unabbreviated, or as a number that is conjoined with the year using a slash.
* While there isn't a particular place where the Gap Dates should be placed, there is a tendency to place them after some or all of the elements right before the Gap Statements either in its own row vertically or on the same row as the other Employment Gap elements.
ex.
Full-time parent, Atlanta, GA, {2008 - 2011}
Took time away from professional career to raise young children and manage the household.
Gap Reason:
* The Gap reason refers to the reason or the explanation of why the gap happened.
* The Gap Reason is incorporated as words within the Gap Statements.
ex.
Full-time parent, Atlanta, GA, 2008 - 2011
Took time away from professional career {to raise young children and manage the household.}
Assurance Reason:
* The Assurance Reason refers to the reason or the explanation of why the gap will not be a problem anymore.
* Unless your gap was minimal or small, is explained in a cover letter, interview, or can be clearly implied based off of the circumstance, it is considered best practice to include the assurance reason in the resume.
* The Assurance Reason is incorporated as words within the Gap Statements.
ex.
March 2015–June 2016
I was seriously injured in automobile accident.
{After several rounds of surgery, I completely recovered and returned to all of my activities},
including jogging and softball.
Gap Location Name:
* The name of the place(s) where you were during the gap.
* tends to be implied within the Gap Reason.
Gap Location:
* the city and state or some type of place of where you were during the employment gap.
* Generally the Gap Location is not that necessary to state.
* If the Gap location is a city and state, then you will first write the name of the city, then a comma right after it, and finally write the state in an abbreviated format
with a space right after the comma. Otherwise, you would just write some generic place such as "Home", "Africa", etc.
* If the Gap Location is a city and state, then it is common to place it after the Role Name on the same row and above the Gap Statements. Otherwise, the location may be instead incorporated into the Gap Statements.
ex.
During the gap in employment from 2014 through 2016,
I traveled {South America and Africa}, kayaking Class V rivers.
Role Name:
* The Role Name refers to a non-job role that you took on during an employment gap.
* The Role Name can be placed above or below the Gap Location within its own row, be incorporated within the Gap Statements, implied by the Gap Statements, or omitted entirely.
ex.
{Full-time parent}, Atlanta, GA, 2008 - 2011
Took time away from professional career to raise young children and manage the household.
(Education Section)
Education Section:
* Each educational experience and degree, should be listed from the most recent to the oldest starting from the top and ending at the bottom.
* Unless you only have a High School Graduation as your only graduation experience, then you should never include that info in the resume. The resume usually should only include any college or university degrees.
* Generally, you should only include majors unless including your minors are relevant or useful.
* On default, each educational element grouping, will start with the school name. However, you can choose to start with the school name to emphasize the school you went to if it's relevant or if the degree isn't very related to your job. Alternatively, you can instead choose to start with the degree name to emphasize the degree level and field of study or if the school isn't as important or related to the job.
Essential Elements of the Education Section:
* The most essential elements
that make up each element grouping of the education section would be
The Education Section Header
The School Name,
The School Location,
The Degree Type,
and the Graduation Date or Attendances Dates which are optional.
Additional Elements of the Education Section:
* The additional elements
that may contribute to each element grouping of the education section would be
Relevant Coursework,
GPA,
Minors,
Certifications,
Honors,
Grants,
Scholarships,
Awards,
Extracurriculars,
Exchange Programs,
Foreign Studies
Education Section Header:
Education Experience:
School Name:
* The School Name refers to the name of the school, college, university or educational institution that you attended.
* Writing the School Name is usually mandatory.
* Usually the School Name will be placed on the same row behind the School Location and will have a comma or a spaced pipe bar right after the School Name. However, it may also be placed in its own row without the punctuation.
School Location:
* The School Location refers to the city and state of the school, college, university or educational institution that you attended.
* When the School Location is written, You will first write the name of the city, then a comma right after it, and finally write the state in an abbreviated format with a space right after the comma.
* Usually the School Location will be placed on the same row in front of the School Name, However, it may also be placed in its own row.
Degree Type:
* May also be referred to as Degree Title
* The Degree Type refers to the Level of the Degree and the Field of Study that was achieved from an educational institution.
* Unless your only educational achievement is graduating from high school, then usually adding the Degree Type is mandatory.
* When the Degree Type is written, You will first write the Degree Level, possibly the word "in" or "of", and then the Field of Study afterwards. Usually the Degree Level is abbreviated but it may be written unabbreviated.
* An example of formatting a degree type would be "Masters in English Literature" or "MA in English Literature"
* Usually the degree type is placed in its own row below the School name and School Location but it may easily be placed over those two elements instead.
* You can place your degree type as the first element of an Educational Experience, if you want a recruiter to focus on the degree type more than the school for whatever reason.
Graduation Date:
* The Graduation Date refers to the specific month and year or just the year that you graduated and obtained the degree.
* It is very common to add the Graduation Date but it also optional.
* On default, only the year of graduation is written but it is also acceptable to write the month with a space before the year.
* While it is not common to write the months, if you wish to do so, they can be written as abbreviated, unabbreviated, or as a number that is conjoined with the graduation year using a slash.
* If your degree is still in-progress, you may add words such as "expecting", "anticipating", or "antip." before the year date.
* If you decide to place the graduation date into its own row, then you will need to add words such as "graduated", "graduated in", or "graduated date:" before the graduation date. Otherwise, the graduation date may be placed before the degree type in the same row.
* If you decide to put your graduation date on your resume, then recruiters will be able to see what age you are and whether you're a new college graduate or someone more experienced. Since some employers may prefer to hire certain types of employee based off of these details, you will need to decide whether or not you wish to include the graduation date.
GPA:
* Unless it is required, including a GPA in your resume is completely optional.
* If you have a choice to include a GPA, then it should be above 3.0. Otherwise, you should not include it.
Majors:
Minors:
Certifications (Education Section):
Honors:
Grants:
Scholarships:
Awards:
Extracurriculars:
Exchange Programs:
Foreign Studies:
(Summary Section)
Summary Section:
* The Summary Section is used to make a summary by only using and emphasizing the best parts of your work experience, any noteworthy skills, educational items, certifications, projects, and so on.
* A summary can be used to quickly get a recruiter interested since you can put the most striking accomplishments at the very top.
* Having a summary section is never required, especially if you are new to an industry that the job you are applying for takes place in.
* The summary should be focused on what the employer or business is looking for and not what you personally want.
* Generally, you will first write the Role Sentence, and the elements of the role sentence. Afterwards, you should talk about your accomplishments and skills and possibly add a desired objective if appropriate. The Summary you write should only be around 2-4 sentences long and be written in third person without any pronouns used.
* Usually, a summary section will be placed at the upper portion of the resume right under the Contact Information Section.
Essential Elements of the Summary Section:
* The most essential elements
that compose the Summary Section would be
the Summary Header,
the Role Name,
and the Summary Sentences
Additional Elements of the Summary Section:
* The additional elements
that may contribute to the Summary Section would be
the Role Descriptor,
the Years of Experience,
Soft Skills,
Hard Skills
Summary Header:
* The Summary Header refers to the header which indicates the presence of the Summary Section.
* May be written as "Summary", "Professional Summary"
Role Name:
* The Role Name refers to The career-relevant job title or the non-job status (ex. new graduate) that one currently has, previously had, or is transitioning into.
* Despite the Role Name including non-job titles, it usually and ideally should be a job title as a Summary tends to be connected to someone's career path.
* If you decide to use the Job Title element in the Contact Info section, then you should drop the Role Name element from the Summary and imply the job title instead, since you already stated it before.
Role Descriptor:
* A skill-based descriptor that is typically added to the role name when writing a summary section.
* Ideally, the Role Descriptor should be something that is relevant and can actually be used on the job.
* If the role descriptors can adhere to ideal conditions, then you can use role descriptors that line up with the words used in the job description and whatever role descriptors would increase the chance of your resume being more seen by the ATS software whenever possible.
* The Role Descriptor is optional to use.
* Usually, the role descriptor will be placed behind or after the Role Name in some way within the Role Sentence.
Years of Experience:
* The Years of Experience refers to the amount of years that you worked for under a job title.
* While not necessary, it is very common to include the years of experience.
* When the Years of Experience are written, they are typically written as "# years of experience".
* Usually, the Years of Experience is incorporated with the information in the Role Sentence and tends to function as the last words of the Role Sentence. However, it does not always need to be at the end.
Soft Skills:
Hard Skills:
Desired Objective:
* The Desired Objective refers to the results that you wish to achieve for a business or what personal ideas you wish to achieve within the industry.
Value:
* An element of summary or objective statements where you indicate what results you wish to achieve for the benefit of the business.
Summary Sentences:
* Summary Sentence refers to the various sentences that compose the Summary Section in a Resume.
* Generally, a Summary Sentence may include things such as Summary Section elements, skills, job responsibilities, and accomplishments.
* Ideally, each Summary Sentence should only include the most relevant and striking successes, awards, accomplishments or a desired objective which provides value to the business.
* When a Summary Sentence is written, it should be written in 3rd person with all pronouns removed so that they are implied.
* There should only be around 2-4 summary sentences that compose the entire summary section.
Role Sentence:
* The Role Sentence will typically include the role name, possibly the years of experience and the role descriptor, and may end with an accomplishment.
* The Role Sentence will usually always be the first sentence in the summary section.
Accomplishment Sentence:
* The Accomplishment Sentence is type of Summary Sentence which mainly is meant to detail an accomplishment.
* The Accomplishment Sentence will typically include an accomplishment, and the detailing of that accomplishment, and possibly some skills and keywords.
* The Accomplishment Sentence is usually always after the Role Sentence within the Summary Section.
Desired Objective Sentence:
* The Desired Objective Sentence is a type of Summary Sentence that tends to indicate what results you want to achieve for a business or what personal ideas you wish to achieve within the industry.
* When the desired objective sentence is written, it will tend to start with Desired Objective phrases such as "seeking to", "willing to", "looking to" and proceed to detail the desired objective.
* The desired objective sentence tends to be the final sentence of a Summary Section but it doesn't have to be.
(Objective Section)
Objective Section
* An Objective statement is used as a way to describe the goals you want to achieve in your new career and how your previous knowledge and experience can be genuinely used in your new job.
* You can also just understand the Objective Section as being a Sub-variant of the Summary section. Basically its info is more focused on stating career goals and how you're going to apply your experience when you enter your career's industry or something. The function of the section is more limited than the Summary section.
* Traditionally, an Objective Statement should only be used if it's your first time getting employed ever or if you are making a career change. Otherwise, it would be better to use a Summary instead.
* Depending on who you ask, An Objective section may be considered too old fashioned, and that a Summary section should be used instead despite the intended historical difference in usage between the Objective and Summary.
Essential Elements of the Objective Section:
* The most essential elements
that compose the Objective Section would be
the Objective Header,
the Objective Role Name,
and the Objective Sentences
Additional Elements of the Objective Section:
* The additional elements
that may contribute to the Objective Section would be
the Objective Role Descriptor,
the Past Experience,
Soft Skills,
Hard Skills
Objective Statement:
* The Objective Statement refers to the total collection of the Objective Sentences which are used to describe the objective that you wish to achieve in your new career and how your previous knowledge and experience can genuinely be used in your new job.
* Since the Objective Statement contains all the sentences which compose the entire Objective Section, the term tends to get conflated with the Objective Section.
* While the Objective Statement can be used to refer to the statement and the Objective Section ambiguously, It would be most clear to define the Objective Section as being the location where the objective sentences are placed within the resume, and the Objective Statement as being the collective group of those objective sentences.
* When the Objective Statement is written, you will first usually include the Objective Role Name, some of the past experience, and optionally a role descriptor in the first sentence. Afterwards, you should talk about your past accomplishments, skills, and experience and relate it to the objective in some way.
Objective Header:
* The Objective Header refers to the header which indicates the presence of the Objective Section.
* May be written as "Objective", "Objective Statement", "Resume Objective", "Resume Objective Statement"
Objective Role Name:
* The Objective Role Name refers to the career-relevant job title or the non-job status such as a high school grad, college grad, and so on.
Objective Role Descriptor:
* A skill-based descriptor that is typically added to the objective role name when writing an objective section.
* Ideally, the Objective Role Descriptor should be something that is relevant and can actually be used on the job.
* If the objective role descriptors can adhere to ideal conditions, then you can use objective role descriptors that line up with the words used in the job description and whatever objective role descriptors would increase the chance of your resume being more seen by the ATS software whenever possible.
* The Objective Role Descriptor is optional to use.
* Usually, the objective role descriptor will be placed behind or after the Objective Role Name in some way within the Objective Role Sentence.
the Past Experience:
* Any professional or non-professional work experience that may be relevant, that can show your work ethic, or that can be applied in some way towards the position.
* Past Experience such as your education, work experiences, projects, and so on, is mainly useful for expressing the competency that would allow you to be able to achieve the intended Objective.
ex.
Highly driven recent business school graduate
seeking a full-time position in finance
{where I can lend my knowledge of market analytics}
to help your organization improve profitability.
Soft Skills:
Hard Skills:
Objective:
* The Objective refers to the results that you wish to achieve for a business or what personal ideas you wish to achieve within the industry.
* Generally, your objective should be focused on what contributions that the business would benefit from and not what you personally want.
Value (Objective Section):
Objective Sentences:
* The Objective Sentence refers to one of the various sentences that compose the Objective Statement in a Resume.
* Generally, an Objective Sentence may include things such as Objective Section elements, skills, job responsibilities, and accomplishments.
(Projects Section)
Projects Section:
* The Projects Section is useful as a way to quickly and clearly display compelling evidence for some type of working experience for the types of people who may be lacking in work experience that would have been more appropriate or relevant to the industry.
* The Projects Section is especially useful or essential for recent college graduates, career shifters, freelancers, and entry-level workers.
* Whenever any projects are listed, they ideally should be projects that are relevant to the job, they should be some of the best projects, and have project statements that express how the project experience is valuable and can be applied towards the job.
* Generally you should expect that a project you listed could be talked about in significant detail in an interview.
Main Elements of the Project Section:
* The most essential elements
that make up each Project Experience of the Project Section would be
The Project Header or Project Phrase,
The Project Name
and the Project Statements.
Additional Elements of the Project Section:
* The additional elements
that may contribute to each element grouping of the certification section would be
The Project Role,
The Project Link,
The Tools Used,
The Project Time,
The Project Name Descriptor,
and The Project Location
Project Experience:
* A term I made up to refer to a discretized experience of a particular project that is composed of multiple project section elements.
* May also be referred to as "Project Element Grouping" outside of resume.
Project Header:
* The Project Header refers to the header that indicates the Projects Section.
* The Project Header will be the first element over any other element in the Project Section.
* May be written as "Projects" (best for project section as section), "Relevant Projects", "Career Project Highlights", "Selected Projects" (implies optimal curation)
Project Phrase:
* A Project Phrase is a specific phrase that is used to clearly signal that some projects are going to be listed within the section that one is currently reading.
* The Project Phrase functions as a way to formally merge and connect the contents of a project section within another section such as the Summary Section,
Work Experience Section, Education Section, Skills Section, and possibly others.
* When the Project Phrase is written, it may generally use words such as "Projects" or some equivalent. However, if you want to list certain types of Projects, then you can specify by using words such as "Key Projects", "Senior Project", "Academic Projects", "Work Projects", "Personal Projects", and so on.
* The Project Phrase may be put in its own row over the entire Project Experience, or if the Project Experience is purely in statement form, you could consider starting the contents of the Project Experience on the same row after the Project Phrase.
Project Name:
* The Project Name refers to the official or actual name of the Project or some created descriptive name if the project lacked a formalized name.
* Usually, when the Project Name element is not used, it is because some aspect of the Project's potential name is implied by the information in the Project Header, Project Phrase or the subsection that the contents of the Project Section is in. Otherwise, it's very common.
* Usually, this element is placed as the very first element right under the Project Header or Project Phrase within the entire Project Section.
Project Statements:
* A Project Statement refers to a type of bulleted statement or sentence that describes aspects of a project's experience.
* Fundamentally, a Project Statement should include the responsibilities, what specifically happened as a result from performing those responsibilities, and the metrics of those responsibilities and results whenever it would be valuable to do so.
* However, one may also at any time imply or specifically incorporate various Project Section elements such as The Project Role, the Tools Used, The Project Time, and possibly others.
* On default, each Project Statement is a bulleted sentence. However, if the contents of the Project Section starts on the same row as the Project Phrase, there is a tendency to forgo the bullets and write the Project Statements as unbulleted sentences instead.
* Usually, all work Project Statements are collectively placed as the last element within any Project Experience or a grouping of Project Section elements.
* Generally there should only be 1-3 Project Statements.
ex.
PROJECTS
Project Name | Developer, Feb 2019
GitHub link: (hyperlink)
{· Designed the overall architecture of the editor using React.JS, with XYZ integration to allow real-time collaboration}
Project Role:
* The role or job title you had while working on the project.
* While clearly indicating the Project Role is not essential, there's a lot of contexts where it could be pretty expected for you to formally and clearly state the role you had in the project.
* If you are writing Project Statements, then you may either clearly write the Project Role within the Project Statements or incorporate the Project Section content as being a subsection and use the Job title of the Work Experience section in order to imply the Project Role.
* Typically, you may write it on the same row as the Project Name, right under the Project Name on its own row, or even further under other Project Section elements in its own row.
ex.
PROJECTS
Project Name | {Developer}, Feb 2019
GitHub link: (hyperlink)
Project Link:
* A Project Link refers to a hyperlink which takes an employer to an internet page where they can observe a project in its fullest details.
* Since a project link can easily express a project in its fullest details, one can use it instead, in order to avoid needing to express the contents of the Project Section within the resume.
* When the Project Link is written, one may choose to write words which indicate the type of link such as "Github Link:", "Website:"
and so on. Otherwise, one could just write the link by itself.
* While there isn't a particular place where a Project Link should be placed, there is a tendency to place them after all of the elements right before the Project Statements either in its own row vertically or on the same row as the other Project Section elements.
ex.
PROJECTS
Project Name | Developer, Feb 2019
{GitHub link: (hyperlink)}
Tools Used:
* Tools Used refers to the various tools, technologies, or resources used during or specifically for the project.
* It can be written on its own row, start with a phrase such as "Tools:", "Technologies Used:", or some equivalent, and list each tool used, it can be written only as additional info in parentheses, or it could be written as just words that form a part of the Project Statements.
* If written as its own element in its own row, then it is commonly placed under the Project Role and Project Link elements. and if written as additional information of a previous element, then may be placed with a space after the Project Name.
ex.
Project 1: Updating fintechnews.com (Fintech News Inc.) BackendDeveloper
Duration: Three months
{Technologies Used: Python, PHP, Ruby, Javascript.}
Project Time:
* The time that it took you to complete the project.
* While writing the Project Time is not essential, if a project took significantly longer or shorter than someone would expect in the field that you are applying for, it's recommended to write down that time and clarify it after the element itself or in the Project Statements.
* On default, Project Time is written in the form of a date range with years and months. (ex. Jan 2001-Feb 2001) However, it can also be written as a year and season, (ex. 2001 Fall) just a year (ex. 2001), or a less precise duration of time. (ex. Duration: 3 Months)
* If you wish to clarify why or how a project took as long as it did to complete, you will want to briefly explain it in parenthesis placed after the Project Time's time
(ex. (Part-time Job), (Delays), etc.)
* While there isn't a particular way to place Project time, very often it is after the Project Name and Project Role, and may be written in its own row vertically, on the same row as the other Project Section elements, or incorporated within the Project Statements instead.
ex.
PROGRAMMING PROJECTS
Coding a Chat Application in Java
{Fall 2018}
Project Name Descriptor:
* The Project Name Descriptor refers to any extra bit of text that is put after a project name in order to clarify what type of project it is or for some other reason.
* Usually, the Project Name Descriptor is put after the Project Name with a comma and a space right after that Project Name.
ex.
OnYourWay, {a delivery management app} - Creative Director
· Worked with the design team in order to optimize the usability of the app for the users
The Project Location:
* Project Location refers to the name of company, university, or location that the project took place in.
Project Section as Section:
Project Section as Subsection:
(Certifications Section)
Certifications Section:
* While is it not necessary to incorporate the contents of the Certifications Section as a subsection or words within a section, if it turns out that certifications play a marginal role or if it's super important that they been seen as soon as possible, it may be more efficient to just move the contents of the Certification Section into the Contact Info section, Summary Section, Education Section, Skills Section, or possibly others.
Main Elements of the Certification Section:
* The most essential elements
that make up each certification element grouping of the certification section would be
the Certification Header
The Certification Title
The Certification Issuer
and the Earning Date.
Additional Elements of the Certification Section:
* The additional elements
that may contribute to each element grouping of the certification section would be
The Expiration Date
The Renewal Date
The Issuer Location
Certification:
* Adding Certifications are usually only useful
if having certain certifications are strictly required for a job listing,
if they help prove or compliment that you're experienced in the industry in some way,
if they add value since you can perform relevant skills beyond the job listing and employer expectations,
if you have little practical relevant experience in the field,
otherwise, you should consider not listing them.
Certification Header:
* The Certifications Header refers to a variant of the word "Certifications" being used to signal the entire Certification section.
* The Certification Header will be the first thing you place before any certification section elements are placed.
* May be written as "Certifications", "Certificates", "Professional Certificates", "Professional Development", and so on.
Certifications Phrase:
* A Certifications Phrase is a specific phrase that is used to clearly signal that the certifications are going to be written within the section that one is currently reading.
* The Certifications Phrase may be used to start a subsection within the a section.
* When the Certifications Phrase is written, it will use words such as "Certifications:", "Certificates:", or anything that would be functionally equivalent.
Certification Title:
* The Certification Title refers to the formal name of the Certification.
* It is fundamentally necessary to write the Certification title.
* Very often the Certification Title is fully written out and possibly its abbreviation in parentheses placed right after a space right after the Certification Title.
Very often the Certification Title is given a distinguishing feature such as bold. However, this is not necessary.
* If the Certification is not easily or universally recognized within the industy that you are applying to a job for, then you should fully write out the certification with or without its abbreviated name afterwards the full name. Otherwise, you may leave in only abbreviation form.
* Usually, the Certification Title is the first topmost element of any given Certification Grouping. If it's placed in the same row before some Certification element, then a comma or em dash may be placed after the Certification Title.
Ex.
{First Aid Certification}
American Red Cross, May 2018
Expires: May 2020
Relevant skills: CPR
Certificate Issuer:
* The Certificate Issuer refers to the name of the organization that issued and awarded the certificate to you.
* Since listing the name of the organization may be essential when an employer needs to look up and verify where the certificate came from and its validity, It is highly recommended to write down the Certificate Issuer.
* You will plainly write out the formal name of the Certificate Issuer. If the Certificate Issuer is placed before the Earning Date within the same row, it is common to add a comma right after the Certificate Issuer, or other things such as an em dash afterwards.
* Usually, the Certificate Issuer will be placed in a row right under the Certificate Title or will be placed after the Certificate Title in the same row.
Ex.
First Aid Certification
{American Red Cross}, May 2018
Expires: May 2020
Relevant skills: CPR
Certificate Issuer Location:
* The Certificate Issuer Location refers to the name of the location that the certification was issued and awarded from.
* If the location is something that isn't clearly evident in the name of the Certificate Issuer then it is usually good practice to specify the location of the where the certificate was issued from.
Earning Date:
* The Earning Date refers to either the year or the month and year that you earned the Certification on.
* Since the Earning Date is useful for letting an employer know how long it has been since you worked to get the certification and provides the employer information to help verify the certification, it is highly recommended that you write down the Earning Date.
* On default, only the year of earning the certificate is written but it is also acceptable to write the month with a space before the year.
* While it is not common to write the months, if you wish to do so, they can be written as abbreviated, unabbreviated, or as a number that is conjoined with the earning year using a slash.
* If you haven't got the certification yet but you are sure that you will officially receive or be granted the certification very soon, then you may add words such as "estimated", "expecting" "pending", or some equivalent with a space before the Earning Date.
* Typically the Earning Date is always placed after the Certification Issuer.
Ex.
First Aid Certification
American Red Cross, {May 2018}
Expires: May 2020
Relevant skills: CPR
The Expiration Date:
* The Expiration Date refers to the year or the month and year that the Certification will expire.
* Since it may be considered important to an employer to satisfy a contractual obligation, a customer staffing requirement, or to resolve some other concern, it is usually considered good practice to always list the expiration date for a certification if it is applicable to do.
* While depending on the context, it may not be necessary to display an expired certificate, if you have extra room on your resume, and that the knowledge you got from the certificate would still provide value to the position, then you should honestly indicate that the certification is expired using words or in the form of a date range.
* Usually, the expiration date will usually be a year but it is also acceptable to write the month with a space before the year. You should either write the words "Expires:", "Expired:" or some equivalent with a space right before the expiration date on its own row or have the expiration date function as the end date of the Earning Date and form a date range for the Certification.
Ex.
First Aid Certification
American Red Cross, May 2018
{Expires: May 2020}
Relevant skills: CPR
The Renewal Date:
* The Renewal Date refers to the year or the month and year that the Certification was most recently renewed.
* Since the Renewal Date is useful for letting an employer know how long it has been since the certification was renewed and provides the employer information to help verify that the certification is not expired, it is highly recommended that you write down the Renewal Date if it is applicable to do so.
* Usually, the Renewal Date will usually be a year but it is also acceptable to write the month with a space before the year. You should either write the words "Renewal Date:", "Renewed:" or some equivalent with a space right before the Renewal date on its own row.
* Assuming the Renewal date is given its own row, it may possibly be placed under the expiration date and other certification section elements.
Relevant Skills:
Ex.
First Aid Certification
American Red Cross, May 2018
Expires: May 2020
{Relevant skills: CPR}
Certification Statement:
Ex.
Bartending Certification, 2011
New York Bartending School, New York, NY
{· Learned bar set-up, classic drink recipes, wine knowledge, and service}
Certifications as Section:
Certifications as Subsection:
Certifications as Sectionless:
(Skills Section)
Skills Section:
* Whenever any skills are written, they ideally should be skills that are relevant to the job, and skills that can actually be used on the job. Otherwise, what would be the point of mentioning them if there was no value that you could contribute using them.
* While it is not necessarily required, It is generally best practice to use an accomplishment within an experience statement as a way to contextualize and actually prove the value of a soft or hard skill. If any skill is not properly contextualized in the resume or cover letter, then you should always assume it could be questioned about in an interview.
* If you can adhere to the ideal conditions that skills should be written with, then you could write skills that line up with the job description and do anything that would help your resume be more seen by the ATS software whenever possible.
* Since the proved value of skills are dependent upon the usage of experience statements from various sections such as the summary, work experience, and so on, it may be more efficient to just incorporate the skills as a subsection, as words within the experience statements, or imply the presence of a skill.
* Unless the contents of the Skills Section are being used to signal relevant and applicable competency for the job, increasing the chance of being seen by the ATS software, or for aesthetic formatting and padding reasons after the ideal conditions are met, then generally, having a dedicated skills section or subsection is useless and the contents of the skill section should be incorporated as words within the experience statements or dropped entirely and only be implied.
* On default, the contents of the Skills Section should be incorporated as a subsection of the Summary. However, you may place the contents elsewhere if you have a particular reason for it.
General Elements of a Skills Section:
* Generally, A Skill Section may start with
a Skills Header or a Skills Phrase,
will either list Skills or have Skill Statements,
and may organize those Skills or Skill Statements
within Skills Categories.
Skills:
//Soft or hard skills
Skills Header:
* The Skills Header refers to a variant of the word "Skills" being using to signal the entire Skills Section.
* While using a Skills Header is an acceptable option, It is more common to use a Skills Phrase as a way to incorporate the contents of the Skills Section as a subsection of a main section.
* The Skills Header will be the first thing you place before any skills are placed.
* While you can specify what type of skills are listed by changing the name of the Skills Header, It's most acceptable to either use "Technical Skills" and only list hard skills, or use "Skills" and either imply only hard skills or use a mixture of hard and soft skills.
Skills Phrase:
* A Skills phrase is a specific phrase that is used to clearly signal that the skills are going to be written below within the section that one is currently reading.
* The Skills Phrase is usually used to start a subsection within the Summary Section.
* When the Skills Phrase is written, it will use words such as "Skills:", "Key Skills Include:", or anything that would be functionally equivalent.
* The Skills Phrase may be placed as being the last words or sentence of the Section's body text, or placed within its own row under the body of text that belongs to the section.
Skills as Items:
* When skills are listed, they can be a soft skill or a hard skill.
* When skills are listed in a Skills Section, each skill will most commonly be separated using bullet points, but may also be separated using commas or spaced pipe bars in some cases. Each skill may be listed horizontally, vertically, or by using a mixture of the two directions.
* Unless all of the skills are being listed within a Skills Category, are being grouped together with a bullet point, or are incorporated in a sectionless fashion, then it is highly recommended to only use bullet points when listing your skills.
Skill Statement:
* A skill statement is an experience statement which is used to describe a skill in more detail and manifests in the form of a sentence. They can be used instead of simply listing skills.
* When you write a skill statement, you also want to take the opportunity to add what you did, the results, and the numbers within that skill statement.
* Skill Statements are generally useful when you feel like you need or want to describe your skills in more detail.
* Skill statements can merge the work experience and accomplishments with the individual skill or represent one of many demonstrations of a skill.
* In some cases, the usage of skill statements may be able to replace a summary section since the content of the statements may be able to function as the Summary. However, this might confuse an ATS program.
Skills Categories:
* The Skills Category refers to a thematic category that is used to organize a portion of skills from the entire set of skills that were stated on the resume.
* The Skills Categories is useful for organizing a high quantity of skills into various thematic categories so that it becomes easier to visually parse and find certain skills.
* When a Skills Category is written, First, you will figure out and write the name of the category and write a colon right after the name. Then, you should use a distinguishing feature such as bold and chose whether or not the categories themselves will get bullet points. Finally, when listing each skill, you may place them on the same row as or under the Skill Category and separate each skill using commas, or more rarely, spaced pipe bars and bullet points.
Skills Detailing Type:
* A term I made up which refers to whether the skills are listed as items or if they are described via experience statements within the contents of the skills section.
Skills Section with Listing:
* A term I made up which refers to the detailing type of the Skills Section where the skills are listed as items using bullet points as opposed to being described as experience statements.
Skills Section with Description:
* A term I made up which refers to the detailing type of the Skills Section where the skills are described as experience statements as opposed to listing them as items using bullet points.
Skills Incorporation Type:
* A made up term which refers to the 3 main ways how the contents of the Skills Section may be incorporated within a Resume.
* A Skills Section may either have its own section, be a subsection of another section or be sectionless.
Skills Section as Section:
* The Incorporation Type where the Skills Section takes up an entire section and has a big dedicated Skills Section header.
* While this Incorporation Type is an acceptable option, it's usually more common to incorporate the Skills Section as being a subsection of another section or as being sectionless.
Skills Section as Subsection:
* The Incorporation Type where the contents of the Skills Section is placed within a larger section which is typically the Summary Section the Work Experience section, and any other possible section if it would be appropriate to do so.
* This incorporate type lacks a Skills header and instead uses a "Skills Phrase" in order to signal what part of the text is intended to clearly state the skills.
* When the Skills Subsection is written, First, you will write the Skills Phrase under some body text of the current section and use a distinguishing feature such as bold. Then, either starting on the same row as the Skills Phrase or the next vertical row below, you will list the skills or describe the skills via skill statements
until you start the next section.
Skills Section as Sectionless:
* The Incorporation Type where there is no skills section or subsection. Instead, the skills are incorporated or implied within the Summary, the Work Experience Statements, the Cover Letter, or really any other appropriate place. At this point, the skills function as words that are part of sentences.
⁂ Sources ⁂
(Meta Sources)
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www.reddit.com/r/resumes/wiki/index/faq///regardless, a good portion of the elements are just extrapolations.
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zety.com/blog/resume-summarywww.reddit.com/r/resumes/wiki/index/faq(Projects Sources)
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(Certifications)
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archive.ph/wip/a79qP(Skills Sources)
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